DIFFERENT TYPES OF TAXATION

(a) Progressive tax:

A progressive tax is one that gets steeper for tax-payers with more money. In a progressive tax system, wealthy people are taxed at a higher rate than middle-class people, and middle-class people are taxed at a higher rate than working-class people.
(b) Regressive tax:
A regressive tax is a tax imposed in such a manner that the tax rate decreases as the amount subject to taxation increases. 'Regressive' describes a distribution effect on income or expenditure, referring to the way the rate progresses from high to low so that the average tax rate exceeds the marginal tax rate.
(c) Proportional tax:
A proportional tax is the same as a flat tax. Taxpayers at all income levels would pay the same "proportion" in taxes. Proportional taxes are regressive taxes. These types of taxes are common in state-level sales taxes but not common at the federal level.
(d) Property tax:
Property taxes are taxes paid on homes, land, or commercial real estate. If you're deciding whether you can afford to buy a home you should take property taxes into account. Unlike a mortgage, property tax payments don't amortize. You have to keep paying them for as long as you live in a home - unless you qualify for property tax exemptions for seniors, veterans, or disabled residents.
(e) Capital gains taxes:
Capital gains taxes are taxes on investment income after an investment is sold and a capital gain is realized. Because so many people don't invest at all, they don't pay capital gains taxes. There are also taxes on dividends and interests stemming from simple interest from a bank account or dividends and earnings from investments.
(f) Payroll tax:
A tax an employer withholds or pays on behalf of their employees based on the wage or salary of the employee. In most countries, including the United States, both state and federal authorities collect some form of payroll tax. In the United States, Medicare and Social Security, also called FICA, make up the payroll tax.
(g) Sales tax:
A tax imposed by the government at the point of sale on retail goods and services. It is collected by the retailer and passed on to the state. Sales tax is based on a percentage of the selling prices of the goods and services and is set by the state.
(h) Income taxes:
Income taxes do what the name implies. They tax the money you earned. Income taxes are both progressive and marginal. Marginal means that there are different tax rates for different income brackets. The top earners pay a high tax rate, but only on the amount of money they have in that top bracket.
(i) Value Added Tax:
A Value Added Tax (VAT) is a type of consumption tax that is placed on a product whenever value is added at a stage of production and at the final sale. The amount of VAT that the user pays is the cost of the product, less any of the costs of materials used in the product that has already been taxed.