Describe FIVE possible reasons for the failure of a Total Quality Management (TQM) programme within an organisation.

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A number of common reasons for failure of Total Quality Management (TQM) programmes exist including those given below:

(a) poor project management:

The introduction of the TQM programme may have been poorly project managed. This may have resulted in key stages being overlooked and/or ineffective communication of aims, etc. so leading to programme failure.

(b) A lack of impetus:

The implementation of TQM in an organisation is a long-term process. There may have been some sort of a 'tail-off' whereby after an initial burst of enthusiasm, management and workers may have failed to maintain interest.

(c) Lack of genuine buy-in by top management:

Successful introduction of TQM requires the commitment and support of top management. Programme failure may result where management is not totally convinced by the value of TQM and/or only pays 'lip service' to its principles.

(d) Cultural resistance:

If TQM's principles are not compatible with an organisation things around here', there may be resistance or even rejection of TQM.

(e) Deflection:

The organisation may be deflected by other initiatives (e.g. business process re- engineering) or problems (e.g. organisational down-sizing) which can take attention away from the programme leading to its failure.


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